Твердые бытовые отходы. Утилизация и переработка бытовых отходов. Вторичное сырье. - Annotations of issues Municipal Solid Waste magazine (№ 3, March 2012)

Annotations of issues Municipal Solid Waste magazine (№ 3, March 2012)

T.I. Shevchenko
Economic aspects of municipal waste sorting
SMW sorting, estimation of returns from sorting and selling of valuable fractions
Organization of household waste management should consider potential of different regions in terms of various types of resources extracted from waste. Therefore, economic feasibility of extraction of different resources in regions varies. Using the city of Suma as an example, a potential return from sorting of SMW for obtaining mixed paper was assessed. The estimate was performed by the Ukrainian Scientific Center for Technical Ecology using data on the volume of forecasted paper fraction from household waste and considering the origin of waste production (low density residential, multifamily residential, and public and commercial offices). The expected return is 10 272 000 hryvnas (over 2 mln rubles) per year if the product is sold to the end consumer. The formulas for the assessment of the efficiency of sorting with different methods, for the estimates of sorting costs, and for the economic benefit of SMW sorting are given.

L.Ya. Shubov
Procedures for mechanical sorting of waste (analysis of technologies)
Separation and sorting of SMW, waste sorting technologies abroad
Nowadays, the main trend in separation of mixed waste is its mechanical sorting. Considering composition of the country's SMW, perfunctory incorporation of western technologies in Russia does not constitute an optimal solution. Any western technology should be adapted to Russian conditions accounting for technological properties of SMW. The author reviewed and analyzed five technological schemes of SMW separation developed by the leading foreign companies, which were incorporated in practice at facilities in different countries. In Russia, because of different reasons identified by the author, it is not feasible to apply these technologies. However, it is useful to review them in order to avoid errors at procurement by the country’s owners of sorting facilities with similar characteristics.

I.V. Goryacheva, A.B. Beilin, A.N. Bobrakov
Household waste is the source of renewable energy
Gas generation and pyrolysis of SMW, procedures of thermal plasma treatment
The paper reviews the potential of utilization of SMW energy using methods of gas generation and pyrolysis. The paper presents the average morphological composition and parameters of SMW components' thermal value. The formula for the estimate of the thermal value of combustible material, which uses data on its chemical and elemental composition, is given. The actual parameters of thermal content of gas generated using technologies of different companies is presented. The utilization of energy potential of the products of gas generation and pyrolysis of SMW depends on technological procedures applied. Process system designs with coupling of thermal plasma treatment of SMW (processed at pilot equipment) and commercially available energy units of steam-gas hybrid engines are presented.

S.N. Sapon, E.A. Chernova
«Tails» and waste build-up – to the drum mill!
Equipment for SMW crushing, ball mill for waste crushing
A continuous-feed dry ball mill is the best-suited equipment for SMW crushing that precedes many operations in waste processing. The paper reviews its advantages compared with hammer grinders, shredders, and disintegrators. A description of the design of a ball mill and of its elements, i.e., grinding balls, baffles, screens, as well as of a bioreactor for compost that can be also incorporated into the system, is given. A block schematic diagram of a unit for waste composting is provided.

A.A. Shurygina
Secondary precious metals for the Sochi's Matreshka
Precious metals from electronic waste
The author talks about the situation presented by her and her students (the students of a junior secondary school in Petropalovsk-Kamchatsky) to the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation on the use of secondary precious metals in production of Olympic medals for Sochi-2014 that may be obtained from processing of electronic waste. They also suggested a concept of medals in the form of Matreshka that symbolize internal resources of each athlete and person and also efforts of many people in preparation for the Olympic Games.

I.D. Ermakov
The favorite tunes about the big question
Mechanical sorting of SMW, waste sorting in Russian conditions
The paper describes features of mechanical sorting of solid municipal waste in Russian conditions and why, often, western equipment does not work with expected efficiency. The author discusses the main pitfalls in mixed SMW processing. The main shortcomings are the lack of equipment for breakage of filled trash bags and of the screening process immediately preceding the sorting phase. The Russian practice indicates that dynamic separators are not suitable for mixed household (non-commercial) waste. Only a sound organization of the waste sorting process coupled with the pertinent technology brings expected results.

I.P. Kuznetsov
It may be possible to avoid fees for waste disposal!
SMW disposal, fees for waste disposal, storage and burial of waste
The author analyzed conflicts in regulatory documents on storage and burial of waste. The situation that exists in legislation may cause a dramatic fall of the number of payers for waste disposal and in the amount of revenues of the budgets at all levels. This situation virtually does not allow applying economic regulation and management to waste handling.

A.G. Dudnikova
Ecological legislation: changes and comments
Waste management legislation
This material presents analytical comments on the legislative documents in the area of waste management adopted and effective in 2012. The paper presents an analytical narrative to the documents and decrees of the Russian Federation Government, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, and Rosstat and to the writings of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, relating to waste management and environmental impact, estimates of limits, fees for negative impact, etc.

Tom Freyberg
Robotic sorting
Recycler, sorting line ZenRobotics, manipulation robot, artificial intelligence, utilization programs
It is possible that the area of waste management is the area where not so many automated solutions have been implemented. The most favorable situation in this respect is associated with the use of automated sorting of bulk and municipal construction waste. The employees of the Helsinki firm ZenRobotics, having studied the potential of the use of robotized sorting of such waste, have designed a manipulation robot. Due to unique software, this self-learning machine is able to recognized different waste fractions, including plastic, and to pick selectively parts that may be processed.

С полными текстами всех статей
вы можете ознакомиться
на страницах журнала

Настоящим, в соответствии с Федеральным законом № 152-ФЗ «О персональных данных» от 27.07.2006 года, Вы подтверждаете свое согласие на обработку компанией ООО «Концепция связи XXI век» персональных данных: сбор, систематизацию, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), использование, передачу в целях продвижения товаров, работ, услуг на рынке путем осуществления прямых контактов с помощью средств связи, продажи продуктов и услуг на Ваше имя, блокирование, обезличивание, уничтожение.

Компания ООО «Концепция связи XXI век» гарантирует конфиденциальность получаемой информации. Обработка персональных данных осуществляется в целях эффективного исполнения заказов, договоров и иных обязательств, принятых компанией в качестве обязательных к исполнению.

В случае необходимости предоставления Ваших персональных данных правообладателю, дистрибьютору или реселлеру программного обеспечения в целях регистрации программного обеспечения на Ваше имя, Вы даёте согласие на передачу своих персональных данных.

Компания ООО «Концепция связи XXI век» гарантирует, что правообладатель, дистрибьютор или реселлер программного обеспечения осуществляет защиту персональных данных на условиях, аналогичных изложенным в Политике конфиденциальности персональных данных.

Настоящее согласие распространяется на следующие персональные данные: фамилия, имя и отчество, место работы, должность, адрес электронной почты, почтовый адрес доставки заказов, контактный телефон, платёжные реквизиты. Срок действия согласия является неограниченным. Вы можете в любой момент отозвать настоящее согласие, направив письменное уведомление на адрес: podpiska@vedomost.ru с пометкой «Отзыв согласия на обработку персональных данных».

Обращаем Ваше внимание, что отзыв согласия на обработку персональных данных влечёт за собой удаление Вашей учётной записи с соответствующего Интернет-сайта и/или уничтожение записей, содержащих Ваши персональные данные, в системах обработки персональных данных компании ООО «Концепция связи XXI век», что может сделать невозможным для Вас пользование ее интернет-сервисами.

Давая согласие на обработку персональных данных, Вы гарантируете, что представленная Вами информация является полной, точной и достоверной, а также что при представлении информации не нарушаются действующее законодательство Российской Федерации, законные права и интересы третьих лиц. Вы подтверждаете, что вся предоставленная информация заполнена Вами в отношении себя лично.

Настоящее согласие действует в течение всего периода хранения персональных данных, если иное не предусмотрено законодательством Российской Федерации.

Принимаю условия соглашения

Annotations of issues Municipal Solid Waste magazine (№ 3, March 2012)Вернуться к содержанию выпуска

Annotations of issues Municipal Solid Waste magazine (№ 3, March 2012)
Вернуться к содержанию выпуска